Physical activity and hepatocellular carcinoma: A narrative review

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most common malignancies around the world, is on the rise and is associated with patient disability. Although HCC can be a devastating disease, regular early detection (surveillance) and diagnosis are the best chance of long-term survival. Cancer's typical consequences and side effects include liver failure, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, reduced muscle strength and functional endurance capacity, reduced flexibility and mobility, nutritional deficiencies, and pain. Rehabilitation is a comprehensive strategy to slow the progression of HCC and reduce functional deficits. Rehabilitation is aimed at patients in all stages of cancer and, as a treatment, provides an improvement in the patient's functional status and quality of life. The purpose of this commentary is to summarise the available information on the rehabilitation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Functional examination and exercise are the mainstays of rehabilitation treatment in HCC. HCC carcinoma and cancer treatment can lead to fragility and sarcopenia. One of the main options to influence sarcopenia and frailty is rehabilitation. Sarcopenia and frailty are two domains that have the potential to be intermediate for patients with personalised and evidence-based HCC rehabilitation. Rehabilitation in patients with HCC can be of significant benefit in improving the clinical condition of patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24040/sjss.2026.11.1.74-98